Basic Words - Program and Data

A "program" is a set of instructions for the computer. A program tells the computer how to do something. Some examples of programs are a game like Solitaire or Hearts, a "word processing" program for doing typing on, a "spreadsheet" program for doing calculations on, a genealogy program for recording and keeping track of your genealogy information, and a "paint" or "drawing" program for drawing pictures on.
"Data" is your information, your work. Some people think of data as "facts" (either written facts or numbers). This could be a letter you typed in, some addresses, some calculations, your tax information, a short story, genealogy information, a picture or photograph, etc. Data is what you put in the computer.
Everything put in the computer is either a program or data.

Data is distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories:data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data.

Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a person's mind.

The program is your tool. The data is your work. You use the "program" to work on "your data."

HP Launches New MPS Program

The company has rolled out the program in Delhi and Mumbai, and will extend it to other metros by 2013-end and other top 10 cities in 2014

HP is pushing its managed print services (MPS) through partners to target SMB and enterprise customers. The company has launched the HP Bundled Page program which offers an all-inclusive bundle of supplies, maintenance and services.

Partners can offer enterprise-grade MPS to their customers in two models.

Explained Nitin Hiranandani, Director, Printing, HP, PPS India, “Partners can provide supplies, consumables and software-based services while the customer owns the hardware. Or partners can buy hardware through HP Financial Services and offer it to customers on base charges per month on hardware and click charges on actuals.”

The program enables partners to access the HP ExpressDecision Portal which provides them with proposal and quotes for cost-per-page pricing, client invoicing and reporting, device monitoring, and account and contract management. “We will provide presales and implementation support. Moreover, the HP Services team will support partners in areas where they don’t have a presence,” Hiranandani added.

HP has rolled out the program in Delhi and Mumbai, and will extend it to other metros by 2013-end and other top 10 cities in 2014. Said Hiranandani, “SMBs are now demanding MPS because it allows them to move from a capex to an opex model and provides savings of up to 20 percent.”

The company has enrolled about 15 partners so far and is looking for more with a services mindset.

IDC says the APEJ MPS market was worth $530 million in 2010 and is expected to reach $990 million by 2014, while, according to the Photizo Group, India is the fastest-growing market for MPS in APAC.

Meanwhile, AMI Partners believes that about 18 percent of the total printing business from SMBs in India comes from MPS, and that by 2015 almost 60 percent of the printing business will transform into MPS.

---By Amit Singh, CRN, Aug 13, 2013

C# Editors and IDEs & Your First Program

Before starting your first C# application, you should take a look at the C# editors available for creating applications. Visual Studio .NET (VS.NET) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is currently the best tool for developing C# applications. Installing VS .NET also installs the C# command-line compiler that comes with the .NET Software Development Kit (SDK).
If you don’t have VS.NET, you can install the C# command-line compiler by installing the .NET SDK. After installing the .NET SDK, you can use any C# editor. Visual Studio 2005 Express is a lighter version of Visual Studio that is free to download. You can also download Visual C# 2005 Express version for free. To download these Express versions, go to MSDN website, select Downloads tab, and then select Visual
Studio related link.
Tip: There are many C# editors available- some are even free. Many of the editors that use the C# command-line compiler are provided with the .NET SDK. LEARN MORE>>>>>

Machine Language and Assembly Language Programs

A program written in the form of zeros and ones i.e, in the machine - readable form is known as machine language program. Machine code is composed of binary numbers. The disadvantage of a machine language is that it is very difficult to write, understand and debug such a program. It is also very slow.

Instead of writing a program in zeros and ones, one can easily write a program in meaningful and easily-memorable alphanumeric symbols. these symbols are known as mnemonics. the programs written in mnemonics are known as assembly language programs which are easier to and faster to use.

Programs written in languages other than machine language are known as source programs. Such programs have to be converted into machine language to make them understandable by computers. A fully compiled or assembled program that is ready to be loaded into the computer is known as an object program.So the translation of the assembly language program into machine language is a must. The program that translates the assembly language program into a machine language program is known as an assembler.

The Selective Structure : switch

The syntax of the switch instruction is a bit peculiar. Its objective is to check several possible constant values for an expression, something similar to what we did at the beginning of this section with the linking of several if and else if sentences. Its form is the following:
switch (expression)
{

case constant1:

block of instructions 1

break;

case constant2:

block of instructions 2

break; . . .

default: default block of instructions

} LEAN MORE>>

Precedence of Operators

Precedence and associativity are the two important properties of operators. Precedence is the order in which a program performs / evaluates the operation in a formula. All operators have a precedence value. An operator with higher precedence is evaluated before an operator with a lower precedence value.
When making complex expressions with several operands, we may have some doubts about which operand is evaluated first and which later. For example, in this expression:
a = 5 + 7 % 2 LEARN MORE >>

Structure of a C++ Program

The structure of a C++ program is as described below:-
1. At the top of the program header files are declared.
2. A C++ prgram starts executing from main() function. The body of the main function is included with surly braces.
3. Each of the statment of the C++ program must end with a semicilon. a semicilon is also known as statement terminator.
So my first program would probably be:- LEARN MORE>>