Java - Overview

Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]).

With the advancement of Java and its widespread popularity, multiple configurations were built to suit various types of platforms.

The new J2 versions were renamed as Java SE, Java EE, and Java ME respectively. Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.

Java is 

Object Oriented − In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model.

Platform Independent − Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.

Simple − Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java, it would be easy to master.

Secure − With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.

Architecture-neutral − Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system.

Portable − Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation dependent aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI C with a clean portability boundary, which is a POSIX subset.

Robust − Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and runtime checking.

Multithreaded − With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to write programs that can perform many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows the developers to construct interactive applications that can run smoothly.

Interpreted − Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine instructions and is not stored anywhere. The development process is more rapid and analytical since the linking is an incremental and light-weight process.

High Performance − With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high performance.

Distributed − Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.

Dynamic − Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time.

History of Java

James Gosling initiated Java language project in June 1991 for use in one of his many set-top box projects. The language, initially called ‘Oak’ after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office, also went by the name ‘Green’ and ended up later being renamed as Java, from a list of random words.

Sun released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. It promised Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA), providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms.

On 13 November, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

On 8 May, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code free and open-source, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright.

C# - Introduction, Features,

Microsoft developed C#, a new programming language based on the C and C++ languages. Microsoft describes C# in this way: ”C# is a simple, modern, object–oriented, and typesafe programming language derived from C and C++. C# (pronounced c sharp) is firmly planted in the C and C++ family tree of languages and will immediately be familiar to C and C++ programmers. C# aims to combine the high productivity of visual basic and raw power of C++.”

Anders Hejlsberg, the principal architect of C#, is known for his work with Borland on Turbo Pascal and Delphi (based on object–oriented Pascal). After leaving Borland, Hejlsberg worked at Microsoft on Visual J++.
Some aspects of C# will be familiar to those, who have programmed in C, C++, or Java.C# incorporates the Smalltalk concept, LEARN MORE >>>>

Boolean Algebra : Introduction

Boolean pronounced as booln is an abstract mathemetical sysem primarily used in expressing the relationships between sets(groups of objects). The English mathemtician George Boole developed this notational system. Such manipulation can demonsrate whether or not a statement is true and show how a complicated statement can be rephrased in a simpler, more convenient form without changing its meaning.

The phrase Boolean operators refer to the system of logic developed by George Boole. The so-called operators are AND, OR, and NOT and more recently terms such as NEAR, IN, and ADJ have been added to the list.

They represent logical ways of combining concepts, words, and ideas. Boolean operators if used in a search statement either narrow, expand, or limit the search result. Two of the most powerful operators are NEAR and ADJ.

NEAR when used between two words means that those words are found near each other in the records

ADJ means that two words are found next to each other in the records.

AND results in key words being located seperately in different documents.

There is a tenuous relationship between Boolean functtions and Boolean expressions in programming languages like C or Pascal.

However the relationship between Boolean Logic and computer systems is much stronger.

There is a one-to-one relationship between Boolean functions and electtronic circuits.

What is UNIX?

UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.
UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment. However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no windows interface available, for example, in a telnet session.

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Html Introduction

What is HTML?HTML is a language for describing web pages. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language. A markup language is a set of markup tags. HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags. HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like . HTML tags normally come in pairs like and .  LEARN MORE>> .