C# - Inheritance


nheritance is one of the main features of an object-oriented language. C# and the .NET class library are heavily based on inheritance. The telltale sign of this is that all .NET common library classes are derived from the object class, discussed at the beginning of this article. As pointed out, C# doesn’t support multiple Inheritance. C# only supports single inheritance; therefore, all objects are implicitly derived from the object class.
Implementing inheritance in C# is similar to implementing it in C++. You use a colon (:) in the definition of a class to derive it from another class.
 

C# - Events & Indexers


In C# events are a special type of delegate. An event member of a class provides notifications from user or machine input. A class defines an event by providing an event declaration, which is of type delegate.
The following line shows the definition of an event handler:

public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, System.EventArgs e);

The EventHandler takes two arguments: one of type object and the other of type System.EvenArgs. A class implements the event handler using the event keyword.

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C# - Classes


You saw a class structure in the “Hello, C# World!” sample. In the C#, you define a class by using the class keyword, just as you do in C++. Following the class keyword the class name and curly brackets ({. . .}), as shown here:
class Hello
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, C# World!");
}
}
Note: C# classes don’t end semicolon (;) as C++.
Once a class is defined, you can add class members to it. Class members can include constants, fields, methods, properties, indexers, events, operators, instance constructors, static constructors, destructors, and nested type declarations. Each class member has an associated accessibility, which controls the scope of the member and defines whether these members are accessible outside the class. 

C# - Control Statements


Control flow and program logic are of the most important parts of a programming language’s dynamic behavior. In this section, I’ll cover control flow in C#. Most of the condition and looping statements in C# comes from c and C++. Those who are familiar with java will recognize most of them, as well.

The if . . .else Statement 
The if . . .else statement is inherited from C and C++. The if . . .else statement is also known as a conditional statement. For example:
if (condition)
statement
else
statement

The if. . .section of the statement or statement block is executed when the condition is true; if it’s false, control goes to the else statement or statement block. You can have a nested if . . .else statement with one of more else blocks. 

C# - Expressions and Operators

An expression is a sequence of operators and operands that specify some sort of computation. The operators indicate an operation to be applied to one or two operands. For example, the operators + and - indicate adding and subtracting operands.


For example, the operator + and- indicate adding and subtracting one object from another, respectively. Listing 22 is a simple example of operators and operands.

Listing below shows - The relationship between operators and operands

using System;
class Test
{
static void Main()

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C# - Attributes & Variables

Attributes enable the programmer to give certain declarative information to the elements in their class. These elements include the class itself, the methods, the fields, and the properties. You can choose to use some of the useful built-in attributes provided with the .NET platform, or you can create your own. Attributes are specified in square brackets ( [. . .] ) before the class element upon which they’re implemented. 

Variables
A variable represents a strong location. Each variable has a type that determines what values can be stored in the variable. A variable must definitely be assigned before its value can be obtained. In C#, you declare a variable in this format: 


C# - Types


As mentioned earlier in the article, C# supports value types and reference types. Value types include simple data type such as int, char, and bool. Reference types include object, class, interface, and delegate. A value type contains the actual value of the object. That means the actual data is stored in the variable of a value type, whereas a reference type variable contains the reference to the actual data. Value Types Value types reference the actual data and declared by using their default constructors. The default constructor of these types returns a zero- initialized instance of the variable. The value types can further be categorized instance of the variable. The value types can further be categorized into many subcategories, described in the following sections.

Simple Types
Simple types include basic data types such as int, char, and bool. These types have a reserved keyword corresponding to one class of a CLS type defined in the System class.LEARN MORE>>>>

C# Components

Namespace and Assemblies

The first line of the “Hello, C# World!” program was this:

using System;

This line adds a reference to the System namespace to the program. After adding a reference to a namespace, you can access any member of the namespace. As mentioned, in .NET library references documentation, each class belongs to a namespace. But what exactly is a namespace?

To define .NET classes in a category so they’d be easy to recognize, Microsoft used the C++ class-packaging concept know as namespaces. A namespace is simply a grouping of related classes. The root of all namespaces is the System namespace. If you see namespaces in the .NET library, each class is defined in a group of similar category. For example, The System.Data namespace only possesses data-related classes, and System.Multithreading contains only multithreading classes. LEARN MORE>>>

C# Editors and IDEs & Your First Program

Before starting your first C# application, you should take a look at the C# editors available for creating applications. Visual Studio .NET (VS.NET) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is currently the best tool for developing C# applications. Installing VS .NET also installs the C# command-line compiler that comes with the .NET Software Development Kit (SDK).
If you don’t have VS.NET, you can install the C# command-line compiler by installing the .NET SDK. After installing the .NET SDK, you can use any C# editor. Visual Studio 2005 Express is a lighter version of Visual Studio that is free to download. You can also download Visual C# 2005 Express version for free. To download these Express versions, go to MSDN website, select Downloads tab, and then select Visual
Studio related link.
Tip: There are many C# editors available- some are even free. Many of the editors that use the C# command-line compiler are provided with the .NET SDK. LEARN MORE>>>>>

C# - Introduction, Features,


Microsoft developed C#, a new programming language based on the C and C++ languages. Microsoft describes C# in this way: ”C# is a simple, modern, object–oriented, and typesafe programming language derived from C and C++. C# (pronounced c sharp) is firmly planted in the C and C++ family tree of languages and will immediately be familiar to C and C++ programmers. C# aims to combine the high productivity of visual basic and raw power of C++.”

Anders Hejlsberg, the principal architect of C#, is known for his work with Borland on Turbo Pascal and Delphi (based on object–oriented Pascal). After leaving Borland, Hejlsberg worked at Microsoft on Visual J++.
Some aspects of C# will be familiar to those, who have programmed in C, C++, or Java.C# incorporates the Smalltalk concept, LEARN MORE >>>>