20 essential PC shortcuts keys

There are certain shortcuts I use all day, every day. They work whether I’m doing stuff with photos, music, documents, or spreadsheets.
  • Copy a selected item: Ctrl+C
  • Cut a selected item: Ctrl+X
  • Paste a selected item: Ctrl+V
  • Undo an action: Ctrl+Z
  • Redo that thing I just undid: Ctrl+Y
  • Select everything: Ctrl+A
  • Print: Ctrl+P
  • Switch between open windows
    Alt+Tab
    Clear away everything and show the desktop
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+D
    Minimize the window
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+Down Arrow
    Maximize the window
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+Up Arrow
    Compare and contrast in a snap
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+Left Arrow or Right Arrow
    Multitask with multiple monitors
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+Shift+Right Arrow or Left Arrow
    Open Task Manager 
  • Ctrl+Shift+Esc
    Lock your PC or switch users
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+L
    This shortcut locks your PC and instantly displays the login screen. 
  • Choose a presentation display mode
    Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+P
    Zoom in, zoom out
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+Plus Sign or Minus Sign
    Search for files and folders
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+F
    Open a new instance of a program
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+Shift+Click a taskbar icon
    And when you need it …get help
  • Windows logo key Picture of the Windows logo key+F1

Cloud Robotics Explained

Cloud robotics is a field of robotics that attempts to invoke cloud technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, and other Internet technologies centred around the benefits of converged infrastructure and shared services for robotics. When connected to the cloud, robots can benefit from the powerful computational, storage, and communications resources of modern data centre in the cloud, which can process and share information from various robots or agent (other machines, smart objects, humans, etc.). Humans can also delegate tasks to robots remotely through networks. Cloud computing technologies enable robot systems to be endowed with powerful capability whilst reducing costs through cloud technologies. Thus, it is possible to build lightweight, low cost, smarter robots have intelligent "brain" in the cloud. The "brain" consists of data centerknowledge base, task planners, deep learning, information processing, environment models, communication support etc
Cloud robotics is the use of remote computing resources to enable greater memory, computational power, collective learning and interconnectivity for robotics applications.
When computational or storage demands exceed the on-board capacity of a robot, they are offloaded to the cloud, where the massive resources of a datacenter can supplement their limited local resources. Cloud robotics also represent a significant advance for robot learning. Where it might take one robot 150 hours to learn a task using its own individual artificial intelligence (AI) resources,  the collaborative effort of 150 robots learning different parts of a task might complete the task in an hour.

With a Wi-Fi connection to cloud-based resources, a robot can access a vast library of known objects to  identify things in its environment. Object recognition helps a robot to better perform tasks like sorting, cleaning and using appliances. Relying on the cloud for resources also means that the robot itself can be simpler, eliminating costly compute power and the associated cooling and electrical power draw. Due to this offloading, cloud connected robots have lower battery requirements and are overall lighter and less expensive. Cloud robotics are typically used for tasks that don't require real-time execution, preserving local resources for applications with demanding time constraints.
The connection to the cloud eliminates the need for a robot to learn a task any other connected robot has: It can download the necessary information instead of having to feel out or observe how to do a task. This interconnectedness can help robots work together more smoothly too, coordinating their tasks automatically.
Google’s self-driving cars are one type of cloud-connected robot. The autonomous cars access data from Google Maps and images stored in the cloud to recognize their surroundings. They also gather information about road and traffic conditions and send that information back to the cloud.
Another example is Romo, an inexpensive ($150) cloud-connectable robot that moves on a treaded base housing a battery. An iPhone provides computational power and its camera, microphone and speakers. The cloud compute factor makes the robot better able to recognize its environment. Romos can be used to play games or can be used for telepresence, which allows a human operator to be virtually present in a remote location.

Backup and recovery

  1. In information technology, a backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying and archiving of computer data so it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event. 

  2. Backup is the activity of copying files or databases so that they will be preserved in case of equipment failure or other catastrophe. 

  3. Backup is usually a routine part of the operation of large businesses with mainframes as well as the administrators of smaller business computers. For personal computer users, backup is also necessary but often neglected. The retrieval of files you backed up is called restoring them. 

  4. Backup and recovery refers to the process of backing up data in case of a loss and setting up systems that allow that data recovery due to data loss. 

  5. Backing up data requires copying and archiving computer data, so that it is accessible in case of data deletion or corruption. Data from an earlier time may only be recovered if it has been backed up. Data backup is a form of disaster recovery and should be part of any disaster recovery plan. Data backup cannot always restore all of a system's data and settings. For example, computer clusters, active directory servers, or database servers may need additional forms of disaster recovery because a backup and recovery may not be able to reconstitute them fully. 

  6. Today, a great deal of data can be backed up when using cloud storage, which means archiving on a local system's hard drive or using external storage is not necessary. Mobile devices, in particular, can be set up using cloud technologies, allowing data to be recovered automatically.

Motherboard

A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard contains significant sub-systems such as the processor and other components. 
Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with expansion capability and as the name suggests, this board is the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include sound cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives, or other forms of persistent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing extra USB or FireWire slots and a variety of other custom components (the term mainboard is applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability, such as controlling boards in televisions, washing machines and other embedded systems).

Basic Words - Program and Data


A "program" is a set of instructions for the computer. A program tells the computer how to do something. Some examples of programs are a game like Solitaire or Hearts, a "word processing" program for doing typing on, a "spreadsheet" program for doing calculations on, a genealogy program for recording and keeping track of your genealogy information, and a "paint" or "drawing" program for drawing pictures on.

"Data" is your information, your work. Some people think of data as "facts" (either written facts or numbers). This could be a letter you typed in, some addresses, some calculations, your tax information, a short story, genealogy information, a picture or photograph, etc. Data is what you put in the computer.

Everything put in the computer is either a program or data.

Data is distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories:data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data.
Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a person's mind.

The program is your tool. The data is your work. You use the "program" to work on "your data."